Scientists now believe autism may not be unique to humans. New research suggests dogs can also show neurodivergent traits, much like their owners. According to Dr. Jacqueline Boyd from Nottingham Trent University, some dogs have brain differences similar to those seen in people with autism or ADHD.

There is no official diagnosis for canine autism, but vets often group these behaviors under “Canine Dysfunctional Behaviour.” Dr. Boyd says this idea is gaining attention as experts recognize that animals may experience the world in diverse ways. Some dogs function like neurotypical humans, while others display patterns more like autism or ADHD.

Researchers say the signs can be surprisingly similar to human symptoms. Dogs may struggle with impulse control, show extreme hyperfocus, or react intensely to certain sounds. Some may avoid social interactions, appear uninterested in people, or become anxious around other dogs. These behaviors mimic traits often associated with autism or ADHD.

Genetics may also play a role. Studies on beagles found a mutation in the Shank3 gene—a gene linked to autism in humans. Dogs with this mutation showed reduced social interest and lower “neural synchrony,” meaning their brain activity didn’t naturally align with humans during interactions.

Dr. Boyd stresses that neurodivergence in dogs likely varies as widely as it does in people. Instead of labeling, she encourages owners to notice their dog’s unique needs and adjust their care accordingly.

If a dog’s behavior seems concerning or disruptive, experts recommend starting with a veterinary check-up and working with a qualified trainer or behaviorist.